Where Is Dubai Facts and History

The Lottery, By Shirley Jackson - 1692 Words

Shirley Jackson was a very popular American author in her time. Over the years Jackson s bizarre short stories have been receiving a substantial increase of criticism and attention. Jackson is most known for her short story â€Å"The Lottery†, which was first published in â€Å"The New Yorker† in June of 1948. Jackson s story had received tons of feedback, little which honored her writing, but majority that had belittled her. Jackson’s life was very interesting for her time. Jackson was known as a depressed individual who was diagnosed with psychosomatic illnesses. Unfortunately, Jackson died at the age of 48, in the year of 1965, due to heart failure. Jackson had an impact over other writers and even inspired the great Stephen King into his very own writings. In Jackson s short story â€Å"The Lottery†, Jackson tells the story of a small town who is clearly strong about ‘tradition’. The small town, â€Å"New Hope†, feels so strong about tradition that they are willing to sacrifice one of their very own citizens annually to keep the tradition alive. Drawing tickets from the ‘black box’ helped indicate who the lucky citizen, from New Hope, was to be sacrificed. The twist to this story is that in fact, New Hope has lost sight of all tradition. The small town decides to make changes to their annual ritual that fits their needs. For example, instead of using chips of wood for the drawings, as done for generations, the town now uses marked sheets of paper. The only â€Å"tradition† that the townShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1195 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† reads as a work of horror. There is a village that holds an annual lottery where the winner is stoned to death so the village and its people could prosper. Some underlying themes include: the idea that faith and tradition are often followed blindly, and those who veer away from tradition are met with punishment, as well as the idea of a herd mentality and bystander apathy. What the author manages to do successfully is that she actuallyRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson757 Words   |  4 Pagessucceed but many fail just like the main character Tessie Hutchinson in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†. When someone hears the word â€Å"lottery†, he or she may think that someone will be rewarded with prize. But â€Å"The Lottery† By Shirley Jackson is different than what one thinks. In the story, a lottery is going to be conducted not like Mega Million or Powerball one play here. In the story, the person who wins the lottery is stoned to death instead of being rewarded with the prize. Tess ieRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as â€Å"The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jackson’s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, senseless lottery system in which random villagers are murdered amongst their peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easilyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1504 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson In The Lottery Shirley Jackson fills her story with many literary elements to mask the evil. The story demonstrates how it is in human nature to blindly follow traditions. Even though some people have no idea why they follow these traditions. The title of the story plays a role in how Shirley Jackson used some literary elements to help mask the evils and develop the story. The title â€Å"The Lottery† serves as an allegory. When people think of the lottery majorityRead More`` The Lottery `` By Shirley Jackson894 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Lottery†, author Shirley Jackson demonstrates Zimbardo’s concepts in three different areas: Authority figures, Tradition and Superstition, and Loyalty. The first concept Jackson portrays in â€Å"The Lottery† is the authority figures. Jackson indicates that the lottery is being held in the town center by one authority figure, Mr. Summers, annually on June 27th. Every June 27th, without fail, townspeople gather in the town square to participate in the annually lottery even though mostRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1510 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† illustrates several aspects of the darker side of human nature. The townspeople in Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† unquestioningly adhere to a tradition which seems to have lost its relevance in their lives. The ritual that is the lottery shows how easily and willingly people will give up their free will and suspend their consciences to conform to tradition and people in authority. The same mindless complacency and obedience shown by the villagers in Jackson’s story are seenRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson9 34 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson signifies the physical connection between the villagers and their unwillingness to give up their tradition. â€Å"The Lottery† is very unpredictable and quite misleading. The black box has no functionality, except every June 27th. Shirley Jackson depicts the black box as an important and traditional tool. Although the villagers in â€Å"The Lottery† are terrified of the goal of the lottery and the black box, they are unwilling to let go of the tradition. Shirley Jackson portraysRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson811 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† was published by Shirley Jackson. The story was true expression of Jackson’s genuine thoughts about human beings and their heinous competence in an annual village event for corn harvest . First, her used to word symbolized main point of the story. Second, Jackson was inspired by few historical events happened in the past and a life incident in her life. Lastly, She was able to accomplish the connection between historical and biographical with the story. Therefore, Shirley Jackson’sRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson799 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mood and to foreshadow of things to come. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story in which the setting sets up the reader to think of positive outcomes. However, this description of the setting foreshadows exactly the opposite of what is to come. In addition, the theme that we learn of at the end leads us to think of where the sanity of some human beings lies. The story begins with the establishment of the setting. To begin, Shirley Jackson tells the reader what time of day and what time ofRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson1764 Words   |  7 Pagesfilled with excitement and eeriness, leaving the reader speechless. The Lottery , a short story written by famous writer Shirley Jackson, created an uproar on June 26, 1948, when it was published in the magazine The New Yorker (Ball). The gothic thriller, set in an unknown time and place, shares the tradition of a small town, a little larger than three hundred people, in which a drawing is held once a year. In this â€Å"Lottery,† each family’s husband draws a slip of paper from a black box. The husband

Marketing Planning Strategy †Nestle Free Essays

BHO3435: MARKETING PLANNING STRATEGY INTRODUCTION TO STRATEGIC MARKETING PLAN: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Prepared by: Sarah Aljenfawi Bashayer S. Kout Fatimah Rawan Membership of Reporting Body: – Environmental Analysis – Market Customer Analysis – Competitive Analysis – Internal Analysis 1. Membership of Reporting Body: In response to the assessment our group has mutually agreed to investigate the strategic operations of the Boost Juice. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Planning Strategy – Nestle or any similar topic only for you Order Now The team is composed of four members. Each member has been allocated a specific scope to investigate further as listed below: †¢ Environmental Analysis: Market Customer Analysis: †¢ Competitive Analysis: †¢ Internal Analysis: 2. Aim of Report: 3. Background and Context: I. Brief Description of Industry: Nestle is a multinational company based in Switzerland. Nestle operates in food industry. In 1905, Nestle was formed as a result of a merger between a Swiss and English company which was established in 1866. Initially, Nestle started to offer condensed milk formula and milk related products to customers (Nestle, 2013). Later on, it expanded its offerings to other food related items. Gradually, Nestle grew and made significant success stories. In the First World War and also in Second World War, Nestle expanded its products to other countries. The company produces snack and health related products. The head quarter of Nestle is in Vevey. In terms of revenues, Nestle is the largest food company of the world. The objectives of Nestle are to become leader in Health and Wellness and nutrition. In addition to this, the company also aims to be trusted by other stakeholders regarding its business and financial performance. Nestle offers wide range of products and services. The portfolio of company covers all categories of food and beverages industry. The aim of Nestle is to provide healthy eating and drinking experience to customers so that they can enjoy every stage of their life. In 2010, Nestle offered a Nestle Cocoa Plan which aimed at provision of 38 plantlets to farmers to help them to rejuvenate productivity of their farms. In 2011, Nestle became the first company which made a partnership with Fair Labor Association (Nestle, 2013). Through this partnership, Nestle helped to investigate child labor practices in the cocoa farms which supply raw materials in its factories. II. Brief Description of Company: The industry analysis of food and beverages suggests that there will be significant growth in future. The global food and beverages industry composes different sectors which include food production, distribution, marketing, retailing and catering. Since 2009, global food and beverages industry has surpassed the total value of $5. trillion. In the economic growth of every country, this industry is one of the significant contributors. It is expected that by 2014, global food and beverages industry will grow at the rate of 3. 5% and will achieve value of $7 trillion (Business Vibes, 2013). In 2008, food product sector had value of $3. 2 trillion. This industry included agriculture sector products. It is expected that by the end of 2013, the value of this sector will reach to $4 trillion (Business Vibes, 2013). The beverages sector of global food and beverages industry consisted products such as soft drinks, spirits, ciders, beers and wines. This industry accounted for $1. 4 trillion in 2008. It is expected that by the end of 2013, this industry will reach at $1. 6 trillion. This generates a growth rate of 2. 6% in beverages sector (Business Vibes, 2013). The growth trends in global food and beverages industry suggest that there is great opportunity of further investment in this industry. This growth rate is also reflected in the consuming power of customers. New companies can achieve substantial share from market in this growth phase period of global food and beverages industry. On the other hand, existing firms in global food and beverages industry can also expand their businesses. III. Key trends affecting the industry According to Nestle’s annual report for the year 2010, it has shown that several trends have occurred and caused a major impact on the food industry in general and Nestle in particular. Whereas, the recession that has happened in the year 2009 has caused a major decline in the economic growth for almost all of the businesses and especially in Nestle, which also has led to an increase in the unemployment rate. Therefore, the company’s economic environment has continued to be ambiguous in the year 2010, and that would basically has led to an inflation period regarding the business’s raw materials, as well as currency instability in the mentioned year. (Consolidated Financial Statements, 2010) Although the world’s economic crisis presence in the year 2009, however, Nestle has experienced its strongest growth by the final quarter of that year, and that mainly gave Nestle a great opportunity to enter the industry with their maximum power. Furthermore, with the company being motivated and be able to perform with its best has remained consistent throughout the year, even in the end of the year 2010 when almost all of the businesses were suffering and trying to recover from the world economic crisis. Thus, Nestle has entered the year 2011 with great energy and was able to put themselves together and perform with their best, As Nestle has stated: â€Å"this will help us to manage the challenges? that we face and to take full advantage of our opportunities to drive? better performance and enhance shareholder value. † (Consolidated Financial Statements, 2010). IV. Key industry success factors â€Å"Key success factors have a share in enabling a company to differentiate itself from its competitors and to offer a ‘unique selling proposition’ to customers or consumers†. Batra, Myers and Aaker 1996; Ketelhohn 1998). 4. Statement of problem to be investigated References Nestle, 2013. History. Available at: http://www. nestle. com/aboutus/history Assessed on 17th March, 2013 Business Vibes, 2013. Available at: http://www. businessvibes. com/blog/facts-and-figures-global-food-and-beverage-industry Assessed on 17th March, 2013 Batra, R, J G Myers and D A Aaker (19 96), Advertising Management. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall How to cite Marketing Planning Strategy – Nestle, Papers

Marketing Plan Bos Coffee free essay sample

INTRODUCTION Perhaps one of the most commonly traded commodities, one of the most closely monitored and understandably one of the products revered with much affection. Coffee has been an integral part of the Filipino’s life. Coffee, along with sugar and rice, is probably found in every household in the Philippines regardless of socio-economic status. Coffee has been made synonymous with morning rituals, afternoon breaks and hospitality, it would never do to run out of the deep brown brew especially when company was around. Very recently, another image of coffee was introduced into the minds of Filipinos. Coffee as a social symbol. This trend was induced by the proliferation of coffee shops where people can buy coffee and consume it in an atmosphere optimized for its ultimate enjoyment. These coffee shops have become the new temples and common houses for the public, mixing the strong brew with a hodge-podge of different sensory experiences and good vibes. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan Bos Coffee or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This paper concentrates on the conduct of one such coffee shop. One that was the first of its kind in the South, providing for the citizens of Cebu a coffee experience akin to that abroad. Coffee Centrale, The Bean Co. Inc. , more commonly known as â€Å"Bo’s Coffee Club,† has recently set its sights on the NCR market after a successful seven-year run in the Visayas-Mindanao region. The Paper seeks to provide a bold and aggressive Marketing Plan to help the company spread its wings and assert itself as a significant player in an industry dominated by foreign franchises. The Paper is based on a Usage, Attitude and Image study to better understand what exactly people find appealing in their choice of coffee shops. It is complemented by research that is ensured accurate and up-to-date to glean valuable insight into the lives and perspectives of the target market. The researchers advise strategies shown in this Paper based on current research and careful analysis. Detailed action plans will then be presented, outlining how each of these operational strategies can be fulfilled with the greatest positive financial and competitive benefit to the subject firm.

Motivational Strategy and Action Plan free essay sample

RegulatoryFocusTheory?University of Phoenix Material Employee Portfolio: Motivation Action Plan Determine the motivational strategy or strategies that would likely be most appropriate for each of your three employees on basis of their individual characteristics. Indicate how you would leverage their employee evaluations to motivate each of the three employees. Describe one or more of the motivational theories and explain how the theories connect to each of your selected motivational strategies. Team Member Name Summary of Individual Characteristics Motivational Strategy and Action Plan Relevant Theory Tina Engaged Passionate Persistent Inspirational Leader Happy Emotional stable This employee would not really need much motivation, since already in engaged, passionate and is a leader at work. I would suggest that the employee uses an action plan to continue with positive attitude. Also since the employee has passed reviews, to advance in progress with promotions in the company. McClelland theory is relevant to this situation. It relates to this situation because for the most part the employee is happy at the job. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivational Strategy and Action Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Brittany Competitive Good communicator Influential Independent Emotional Quick thinker This employee shouldn’t much motivation since she is so competitive. However we could motivate her to be more engaged and happy at job since so emotional. An action plan for this strategy would be to assign her to do task she is interested and likes to do that are easy and take little thought since she is a quick thinker. This situation relates to the self-efficiency theory because employee is independent. She likes to do things on her own and feels she can. Denise Timid Considerate Neutral decision maker Eager Happy with job Encouraging This employee needs motivation in company involvement in communication since timid and shy. She can demonstrate these skills in an action plan by being more involved in conferences, presentations, and meetings. This situation could be also related to the McClelland theory because for the employee is happy with job, but there is room for opportunity.

Preschool Stage of Development Essays

Preschool Stage of Development Essays Preschool Stage of Development Essay Preschool Stage of Development Essay Essay Topic: A Dolls House The Preschool Stage of Development ECE 332: Child Development Marilyn Gomez May 30, 2011 Abstract â€Å"The years from 3 through 5 are often referred to as the preschool years† (Henniger, pg. 107). Preschool is a place where the setting is geared towards mimicking a regular school setting but exposes the young child for the first time to a school. Preschool takes away some of the stress of strictly learning academics and focuses on developing the childs skills in cognitive, motor, social, emotional, and language developments. Preschool encourages children to personally and individually meet their milestones of development. The Preschool Stage of Development In looking at the stages of a preschool development, the characteristics/milestones must be defined. There are some activities that can be provided that will enhance a preschooler’s cognitive, motor, social, emotional, and language developments. A detailed explanation of the activities will give the reasoning to how and why the activities will enhance a child’s development. â€Å"Every child grows and develops at his or her own pace. Still, child development tends to follow a fairly predictable path† (MFMER, 2010). In language skills, children in the age group of 3 through 5 years old learn from 250 to 500 or more words. Answer simple questions, and understand rhyming words. They can speak sentences of three to four words through compound and complex sentences. In social skills, children in preschool can become more imaginative, cooperate, make friends, share, express feelings, show affection, ask why questions, become more independent, begin to make impressionable markings, count numbers, recognize letters of the alphabet, and can problem solve with teacher guidance. In physical skills, children in this age group can kick, jump, run, and maneuver tricycles, walk up and down stairs without falling, keep balance, hop on one foot, manipulate hand toys like cube links or legos, can dress and undress dolls/or themselves, and can use scissors to cut paper. In Henniger’s text the characteristics described are meant as a guide to understanding the patterns of stages in the development of preschoolers (pg. 107). For the physical aspect of preschoolers, children begin to lose their baby fat and can ride tricycles at the age of 3. Hopping, skipping, and drawing stick figures are achieved at the age of 4. Tying a bow knot and riding a bicycle is achieved at that age of 5. For the cognitive aspect of preschoolers, children learn the basic names of color and ask â€Å"why? † questions at the age of 3. Understanding concepts of three and show curiosity to learning how things work are achieved at the age of 4. Understanding the meaning of calendar use and sorting objects by colors and shapes are achieved at the age of 5. For the social-emotional aspect of preschoolers, children begin to imitate an adult during play and learn about stereotypes of sex roles at the age of 3. Working in groups of two or more and having special friends are achieved at the age of 4. Recognizing hurt feelings, expressing their feelings and enjoying group games are achieved at the age of 5. For the language aspect of preschoolers, children learn three to four word sentences and use past tense correctly through their conversations at the age of 3. Playing with words/rhyming, and using talk to solve problems or conflicts are achieved at the age of 4. Knowing about 5,000 words or more and dictating a story from a book or imagination is achieved at the age of 5. One activity that will enhance a child’s cognitive, motor, social, emotional, and language development is the process of making scrambled green eggs from the Dr. Seuss’ Green Eggs and Ham story. Children will have an opportunity to learn about the process of making eggs to eat. The children will use their fine motor skills to crack an egg and scramble their eggs in a mixing bowl. They will have an opportunity to ask questions and answer questions like â€Å"what will happen when we crack the egg? † â€Å"What does the egg look like? Is it in a circle shape or an oval shape? What colors do you see on the outside of the egg and what color is the egg when the inside comes out? How does the egg feel before it is cracked? How does it feel when it is cracked open? † Children will have an opportunity to share their thoughts with their peers for social and language development. Their ideas can be charted onto a poster board. Children will feel confident in making their own scrambled eggs and sharing their findings with their peers and parents. Children will be able to predict what will happen when the green food coloring is added into the egg mix. Children will also be encouraged to think of what will happen when the egg mix is poured into a hot skillet. â€Å"Will the water soluble egg stay in its water context or will it become solid? † Language will be enhanced through learning different words by placing them with content of what is happening. An example of this would be solid, liquid, hard, slimy, and smooth, cracked, like, and dislike. Rhyming words would also increase the child’s vocabulary while reading the book of Green Eggs and Ham like in a house with a mouse, a goat on a boat, on a train while it rains, in a box with a fox, and here, there, anywhere. This activity will enhance the child’s development because the child will be a part of the making of the activity. They will show a curiosity to learning and will have hands on experience. The activity will encourage children to trust in themselves and will build self esteem in what they are doing. It will make them feel a part of the group. Their cognitive development will be challenged when they are encouraged to answer questions or ask questions. Their motor skills development in fine motor will be challenged when they are encouraged to whisk the egg to mix the yoke and the food coloring. Their social development will be encouraged when they display â€Å"energetic interactions with peers. Many preschoolers show social initiative when an interest in reaching out to others, making social contacts, and trying out social behaviors† (Trawick-Smith, pg, 298). The social development will be through the interactions with peers while making green eggs. Their emotional development will be encouraged as they become courageous in mixing the eggs with confidence and receiving acknowledgment of success when they are finished mixing the eggs. Their language development will be encouraged through literacy and rhyming songs. A second activity that will enhance a child’s cognitive, motor, social, emotional, and language development can be through creating an activity with frogs. By a Small, Small Pond by Denise Fleming can be the story that is used for creating the frog activity. The activity will be a multiple play area activity. Children will be encouraged to discuss about frogs. Questions like â€Å"where do frogs live? How do they feel? What do they look like? And what do they eat? Children will be encouraged to answer the questions as well as encouraged to ask questions. Children will be encouraged to look at a picture of the life cycle of frogs. They will learn the vocabulary words like amphibians, tadpoles, polliwog, young frog, adult frog, smooth, lumpy, leap, forward, croak, and snatch. They will be encouraged to participate in a frog relay race. They will use their gross motor skills to bend down like a fro g and leap up and forward using their legs. Children will be encouraged to socially interact with their peers while they play in the leap frog relay race. Those children who are standing by watching will encourage the two contestants and the two contestants will learn to feel emotionally confident to leap throughout the race. â€Å"Children who are nurtured, encouraged, and accepted by adults and peers will be emotionally well adjusted† (Trawick-Smith, pg. 298). This activity will enhance the child’s development because the children will be learning through play. They will learn how to bring a story to life and create games that are influenced by a story. Their cognitive development will be encouraged through the ongoing questions throughout the story and the game. Their motor development will be encouraged through the practicing and learning of leaping with their legs and jumps up and forward. Their social development will be encouraged throughout the day with their peers and acknowledgment from the teachers. Their emotional development will be encouraged as they successfully finish the race and getting recognition from their peers. â€Å"Children are elated when they feel liked by peers and emotionally crushed when they imagine that no other child in the whole world wants to play with them† (Miller, pg. 59). Children must feel that they are accepted by those around them. This will enhance their social and emotional development. Their language development will be encouraged and enhanced when they learn the many different words that are associated with the story about the frog. A third activity that will enhance a child’s cognitive, motor, social, emotional, and language development is using their hands. This activity can be accompanied with the book My Hands Can Do So Many Things. Children will be encouraged to think of ways and things to do with their hands. Asking questions and encouraging children to ask questions like â€Å"how do you fold your hands? How do you wash your hands? Can you count with your hands? Can you tie a bow on your shoe? Can zip a zipper? Can you button a button? What are some things you can do with your hands? What things you should not do with your hands? Children will be encouraged to work on their fine motor skill developments with interacting with dressing boards. They will practice on zipping, buttoning, tying, and snapping buttons. They will be encouraged to develop their social skills by working with older peers for scaffolding or zone of proximal development. Cognitive scaffolding refers to temporary support provided by a more skilled person to assist learning in children. Children’s cognitive activities develop through interaction with older, more experienced individuals who teach and guide them† (Rathus, pg. 152). Children will be encouraged to develop their emotional skills by expressing their feelings and getting the opportunities towards successfully completing a task like zipping a z ipper or buttoning a button. Children will learn more language development with their peers as they communicate and interactively talk to their peers as they learn how to tie their shoe. This activity will enhance the child’s development because the children will learn that their hands can do many things and that their hands are used for manipulating objects to their desires and wants. They will learn to cognitively think of using their nice hands and keeping their hands to their own body. They will increase finger and hand strengths while practicing with the activities of the dress boards. They will socially interact with older peers and build trust with those peers and teachers. They will enhance their confidence and independence. They will learn to express their desires and feelings when they need to resolve a conflict that may arise when they are practicing their fine motor skills. In conclusion, teachers and caregivers must understand the milestones/characteristics of a preschooler in order to recognize if the child will need any further assistance or special recommendations. There should be developmentally appropriate activities set up to enhance a child’s cognitive, motor, social, emotional, and language developments. This way, children will be provided an opportunity to achieve a goal and master a skill. Reference Henniger, M. (2009). Teaching young children: An introduction (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Miller, D. (2010). Positive child guidance (6th ed. ). Wadsworth, California. Rathus, R. (2011). Cdev: Student edition. Wadsworth, California. Trawick-Smith, J. (2006). Early childhood development: A multicultural Perspective (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Mayo Foundation Clinic Staff (2010). Child development chart: Preschool milestones. Retrieved on May 24, 2011 from mayoclinic. com/health/child-development/MY00136

Financial Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial Report - Essay Example The company has a wide range of stakeholders such as the investors, the creditors, the government, customers, employees and the public. As mentioned above, the user’s have diverse needs, which are met through the provision of the financial statements. The key features in Sandall Arnold’s financial statements are the income statement, the statement of the financial position for two years, 2012 and 2013, and the independent auditor’s report (Gibson 2009, pp. 193) If the provision of the  £ 30 million worth of claim is not included in the Sandall Arnold’s financial statement, the auditor will issue a modified audit opinion ( type: likelihood of a misstatement) for the reason that all other items are correctly stated but the provision. However, if the provision is made, the auditors will give an unmodified opinion showing that the company’s financial statements present â€Å"a true and fair view† of the financial position. The two corporate governance deficiencies identified are the failure of the board of directors to develop remuneration package of other directors based on performance evaluation. Second, the board of directors disregarded a significant internal management process (performance evaluation). In order to improve decision making, the management should observe the rules and regulations set out by the company’s founders. Second, the board of directors should exercise fairness and probity when making de cisions (Bagshaw 2013, pp. 20-23) Based on the two-year income statement of Sandall Arnold’s company, the company’s revenue increased by 1.612% between 2010 and 2013. The gross profit increased by 96% between the two periods. The costs of sales decreased by 8.969% between the two periods. The profit before tax increased by 242.86% and the profit increased by 200% between the two years. The above movements are due to the revenue increase and a decrease in costs of goods sold

Community Needs Assessment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Community Needs Assessment - Research Paper Example The work of Maninno et al. (2002) has recognized that asthma is a major cause of school and work days losses in America since the 1980s. Maninno et al. (2002) found that between 1980 and 1996, the prevalence of lifetime asthma has increased in the United States. Related with this, the study of Manino et al. (2002) reported that school days and work man-days losses due to asthma have also increased. This needs assessment focused on the problem of asthma in South Bronx because this analyst believe that asthma is most likely a serious problem in the community given the reputation of South Bronx with regard to the family income of its residents. In addition to the usual objectives of needs assessment, the needs assessment was designed to develop insights on how a health program focused on asthma can best be developed for South Bronx. Thus, the author was keen on drawing data helpful to producing insights in that direction. To produce the community needs assessment, the author reviewed do cuments, news reports, and gathered a documented testimony from at least one community leader. South Bronx is a community populated by low-income minority families in New York City. Figure 1 shows New York City on the left panel and South Bronx on the right panel. South Bronx is composed of localities labeled with numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 9 on the right panel and colored yellow. The entire Bronx (colored as peach and yellow) on the right panel is the peach colored area in left panel. According to the Lehman College that is located in the Bronx area, census data indicate that the Bronx had a population of 1.4 million people as of 2008. A significant part of this population resides in South Bronx. Unfortunately, according to the college, around 30% of the South Bronx population refuse to categorize themselves into a racial category. The Lehman College pointed out that although South Bronx is described as a low-income community, there is a section

Equity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Equity - Essay Example he other hand, expects that the property may be asserted by loan bosses before individual A bites the dust, and that subsequently B would get none of it. A could secure a trust with B as the beneficiary, yet then A would not be qualified for utilization of the property before they passed on. Defensive law of trusts was created as an answer for this circumstance unlike the equity’s darling rules1. A would create a law of trust with both A and B as recipients or rather beneficiaries, with the trustee taught to permit individual A to utilize the property until A passed on, and from there on to permit its utilization to B. The property is then sheltered from being guaranteed by As lenders, at slightest the length of the obligation was gone into after the trusts law2. This utilization of the law of trusts is like life domains and leftovers, and is much of the time utilized as plan B to them. As per the common law, lawful frameworks, a law of trust is a form of connection whereby a land is held by one gathering for the profit of an alternate like the beneficiaries but according to the equity’s darling, there are no beneficiaries recognized by its court and this brings out the difference between the two courts. A law of trust is made by settler, who exchanges some or the majority of his or her land to a trustee. It is clear that the trustee holds that land for the trusts recipients. Since the Roman times, the law of trusts has been existing and currently, they have turned in a standout amongst the most critical advancements in property or rather land law. A manager setting land into the law of trust puts a piece of his or her heap of the rights to the trustee, differentiating the lands lawful proprietorship and control from its evenhanded possession and benefits. This may be an expense which is finished in some other reasons or to control the land and its advantages if the settler is non-attendant, debilitated, or is dead. Commonly the law of trusts is m ade in wills,

Background Study Of The Organization MIS System

Background Study Of The Organization MIS System In this thrilling subject, i would be focusing on the Management Information System of Starbucks. It is no doubt that this firm in question, is one popular and well patronised firm amongst many. That being said, i would be doing justice to the very background of this organization in question and i would elucidate in tangible details their IT systems, schemes and practices and lastly, i would be recommending what i see fit to suite the organisation even in this era of technology. But before i proceed, i would like to briefly define MIS(Management Information System) MIS (Management Information System) This may be defined as a general word for computer systems in an enterprise or organisation which provides information or details on firms business operations. Its also refers to the people who manage and maintain these systems. Furthermore, in a large corporation, MIS or the MIS department refers to a central or centrally-coordinated system of pc expertise and management, and entire network of computer resources in a business organization (firm). Body Background study of the organization Starbucks was first introduced in Seattles Pike Place Market in 1971. Back then, the company was called Starbucks Coffee, Tea ans Spices before change into what we have known today, Starbucks Coffee Company. Today, there are approximately 16, 706 Starbucks stores in 50 countries. The first ever Srabucks store in Malaysia opened on December 1998, located at KL Plaza, Jalan Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur. Later, there are more than 115 Starbacks stores in Malaysia.Basically, their buyers will travel to Africa, Asia and Latin America to choose only the best quality of arabica beans. These high quality beans will be sent for roasting and production. Starbucks experts then only combine the roasted beans with Italian style expresso beverages to produce different type of cold and hot coffee beverages. The famous products introduced by Starbucks company and mainly can be found in all of its stores include more than 30 blends single-origin premier arabica coffees. As for their own signature of handcrafted beverages such as hot and iced expresso beverage, coffee and non-coffee blended beverages Vivanno smoothies, Frappuccino bottled coffee or blended and premium ice creams with the and brewed coffee and also tea product,Tazo Tea. Merchandises are also offered by Starbucks are coffee mugs and accessories. Customers not only can enjoy sipping their high quality coffee beverage but also indulging on baked pastries, sandwiches and cakes. The company focuses in providing a relax, comfortable atmosphere with modern fittings. It is an ideal place for hanging out with friends and families, with entertainment magazines to read. Most of the Starbucks company offer free wi-fi for their customers, so it is a great advantage to business people discussing on their work or students doing some research for assignments/ projects. POS The Point of Sale System (POS) or front of house till system; in addition to regular register functions offers some functions to be accessed only by Store Manager(SM), Assistant Manager(ASM) and Shift Supervisor(SS), with the correct security level.The Point of sale consists in two touch screen tills used by deployed partners that need to insert their username and specific password before to start. From the Point of sale, managers can access different managers functions menu, such as paid in and Paid Out, and Refund to customers. These manager functions are security measures for cash management and inventory control in the store. Paid in and paid out occurs when money is taken from the till to buy items necessary for the store operations and/or any kind of emergency. Other functions such as Cash Skim, Void transactions or refunds occur when money is given back due to complaints or customers are returning faulty merchandise. The point of sale is used also to record wastage. In conclusion, most Point of sale functions are related to customer service, sales, refunds, discounts, voids.By ringing items through the tills, data such as time, customer transaction, quantity of food and drinks sold, quantity of wasted items, are transferred to the Management Work Station where data are stored, analysed and produced in form of reports, graphic, charts or diagrams. MWS (Manager Work System) The Manager Work Station can be accessed in the office where there is a computer connected to the intranet, a private communication channel for employees to access the organization network that resembles the internet. To access the system it is required to sign in with a password and the partners ID. The system recognises security level and allows accessing the function assigned to the security level. The normal partners can just access the time punching option, which is that function that record staff punches in and out for breaks and shift. A start of day and end of day is run into the system on a daily base. Shift managers can access cash management functions that are used to count tills, modify or correct transactions and to prepare daily bank deposit. A menu of available reports is available on a report menu. The Store manager can access these reports to track sales, find out customer transactions within different hours range, to check sale by product category, to record wastage, to carry a financial audit. All this information is relevant for Store Managers to identify business requirements and customer needs, to identify peak time in the store, to increase or amend product ordering, to control wastage and track stock and decide whether is necessary to cut labour. Managers can access staff information and personal details in the work station, they can insert new partners, terminate partners, maintain employee records, track employees training and process payroll. The payroll process transfers information to the support centre in order to pay partners. Store Manager and the shift supervisors can use the IRIS System to process electronic ordering for food, stationery, packaging. The IRIS System can also use e-mail set up for communicating with London Support centre and other stores within the district and others. Hardware Hardware components of the computer system used in Starbucks There are two types of modem: The speed touch cable modem and the ISDN (integrated services digital network) modem. The speed touch cable modem and the ISDN connect the store computer system to the STARBUCKS retail network. The Retail Network is the communication access between the store and the internet. This allows the management work station to send and receive large quantities of data and information. There is a wireless internet provided by T-mobile, which allows customers to connect to the wireless network. There are two pieces of equipment; the Cisco Router and the Cisco Wireless access point. Connected to the computer system there is a Printer used to print reports of any nature, and a cash scale which counts Cash in a faster way and more accurately, mainly it is used to count the tills and at the end of this process all data are send to the system. At the Point of sale there are two small printers where all receipts come out, and two (chip and pin) credit and debit card machines. To protect retailers, a new security system has been designed for cards which will use a smart chip. When customers pay using one of these cards, rather then signing a confidential security number (PIN) is entered. Further more, the starbucks firm, uses Intel based systems and fast Computers. In terms of functionality, the starbucks firm is bent on getting hardwares(PC) that have great and outstanding specifications to avoid slow down on business. A sample spec would be: A PC with 512 Memory or 1GB. And A flat screen monitor and processor speed of 2.40GHZ and a HDD of 150GB to 200GB. The company has a nac for greater heights that why its no surprise that starbucks is doing greatly well in terms of their ability to maintain their standards. Software OS (Operating System): As we all know, the I.T age is springing forth with lots of sotwares and technology all with the focus of improving the lifes of humans in all ramification of life. Having said that, the Starbucks company makes use of Windows based softwares for their computers which is categorized in the hardware section. They run applications that aid their business. Example POS, Excel and others. Excel is often used for their spreadsheet needs. When it comes to system software for driving their hardwares, they run windows xp or 7. POS Installing a Point of sale system software into your business can have as dramatic an effect on your retail, bar, concierge, or any other hospitality based business. The right POS system software will enable you to have a more precise level of control over your business operations thus increasing efficiency, boosting profits, and helping you fine-tune your business model. Incorporating the wrong system, however, can be a waste of time, monetary investments and a source of ongoing frustration. Switching from a traditional cash register or as we like to say over sized calculator to a streamline computerized POS software can be a bit of a headache if you do not research your options before buying a new system. There are many factors to consider and various pitfalls to avoid. However you will definitely be impressed with the R.O.I return on investment and benefits your business cannot do without. Thus implementing a POS system can make it worth your time and effort. In the most basic sense, a POS system is a cash register with all the bells and whistles of the new fast paced, internet streaming technological speed. Current themes and practices This Starbucks new idea of POS is currently available for all 6,800 Starbucks stores and Target locations across the US. The solution is not yet in place in Canada. For the uninitiated, the solution works as follows. Consumers download the Starbucks Card Mobile App to their mobile phone; be itiPhone or BlackBerry. Customers with a Starbucks stored value card (effectively a gift card) that is registered on the Starbucks website, enter the card number into their phone when the obtain the app, and that card number is stored. When consumers visit a store, they place their coffee order as usual, and indicate their desire to tender with their mobile. Consumers start the Starbucks Card Mobile App on their mobile and navigate to the payment screen so that a 2d barcode representing the consumers Starbucks card is displayed. The Starbucks associate, selects mobile as the tender in the POS, and prompts the consumer to use the customer facing imager (the same as those used in airports to read boarding passes). The consumer places their mobile device under the imager, the 2d barcode is read, and the POS treats the tender like a gift card, following the usual payment verification procedure. Once tender is complete, the customer obtains their coffee as usual. The discussion on electronic wallet is an industry favourite, and this development will certainly encourage more discussion on the subject and provide some much need experience. Im fully behind this initiative, but at present, this solution is very much a Starbucks specific solution, and it is not easily translatable to other retailers. While retailers can learn a great deal from the obvious careful thought that has gone into the solution, and we can look forward to others moving down this road as well. To clarify for consumers (and non-technical retail executives) who ask why other retailers dont have mobile payment schemes as yet, consider the following unique characteristics of the Starbucks situation that make a solution like this pay off. Use of Stored Value Card Very few retailers have a stored value card with the massive following and ongoing usage that Starbucks have. Effectively consumers are giving Starbucks their funds in advance in exchange for some very small benefits (free drink on your birthday, free pump of flavouring in your drink). Starbucks gets loyalty data on customers, and a nice balance of cash on hand. More relevant to the mobile payment solution, the Starbucks mobile phone application allows consumers to make a payment onto their stored value card, and the applications 2d barcode payment system is connected to that card. Connecting the mobile payment system to the stored value card means that Starbucks can take the risk of a payment system internally. Stored value are not subject to the same roadblocks, legislation, and scrutiny that building a mobile payment system that would access a credit card or a debit card would have. Using the stored value card simplifies implementation and sidesteps many complexities of payment systems like EMV and PCI. Cross Platform While Starbucks are very keen on the iPhone, they have not limited themselves to an iPhone app, but also provided an app for the other key smart phone users via the Blackberry App. Considering the corporate core of Blackberry users and how often meetings now take place in Starbucks stores, this is a wise move to maximize potential users. Given the number of Android Users and the recent release and growing use of Windows 7 Phone platforms, it would not be surprising to see the Starbucks Card App ported to those platforms as well, ensuring maximum potential usage. Valuable App With over 400,000 apps on iTunes, retailers need to make their app unique and useful. Ideally it pulls together the mobile and in store experience in some way. Starbucks has managed both. Any successful retailers mobile app needs something unique to it to encourage download, and having it on a consumers screen on a permanent basis. Customer Demographic Based on my experience, and what I have read in the media over the past few years, the average Starbucks consumer is more likely than average to be a tech-savvy iPhone or Blackberry user, and beyond that, the kind of user who would be comfortable with technology and placing a payment with their mobile. It is important that any solution put in front of a consumer by a retailer fit their target market. A savvy comfortable customer is more likely to use the app, and use it well, to speed transactions and drive convenience for them, and speed throughput for the retailer. Infrastructure Most Starbucks locations have 2 terminals. In order to leverage 2d barcodes, special imagers are required, and this means hardware investment. 2 lanes means only a $300-$400 investment per store for imaging hardware. Considering the potential value of transactions per store, this is a very low cost. The ROI would be far less attractive for a lower margin retailer with dozens of lanes in a store to deploy, as it would be key to have the imagers in every lane to simplify the process for consumers. Transaction Type The slowest portion of any retail transaction, and the most difficult to trim time from, is the tendering process. Given that in Starbucks transactions generally include a small basket size and the ordering time is relatively short, the value of an alternative payment is increased, as it is a greater proportion of the transaction. This value is increased further by the incredible traffic at Starbucks sites. Having many small transactions provides a boost to the ROI of the solution. No Mobile Device Handling In order for any sort of mobile payment solution to increase throughput and minimize operational complications, it is key to streamline the process of scanning the mobile device. Starbucks has done this via a customer facing scanner with very simple signage. This allows the consumer to place their phone in the scanning area with no need to pass the mobile device to a cashier. This simplifies the process by providing a consistent process, not only increasing the scan speed, but also avoiding the potential of store staff dropping or otherwise damaging a customers mobile device. Consumers are also more likely to use the mobile payment solution if they do not have to pass their mobile phone to a cashier, given how consumers increasingly consider the mobile device as a personal item. As with all solutions implemented by consumer facing organizations, ROI is key. Looking at the Starbucks solution, the costs of entry are probably not that high. A mobile app is relatively inexpensive and standalone compared to other point of sale solution implementations. Using the stored value card leverages electronic processes and databases already in place. The crucial part is operationalizing the solution, and that can be put in place for hundreds or low thousands per site. All in all, this is a relatively low cost solution with the potential for a high ROI in both funds, and in good will from consumers. Other retailers looking to implement such a solution would do well to observe what Starbucks have done, but note well that this is not a one size fits all solution. Any future implementers should be sure that the app suits their customer demographic, their transaction model, and has a way of dealing with the complexities of payment. Other solutions will arise, and it will be fa scinating to see what comes next. Evaluation: 4).Starbucks also runs a high scale of management in handling their I.T related issues. They are I.T aware such that, they have good network services. An example would be, Starbucks offers free WIFI Zone. An attraction for a customer on the move. The firm has VOIP services for communication with other chains around the globe. As we live in a net centric age, starbucks has made it a perfect fit, to incorporate most I.T business related schemes into their business. A good analyses on this comoany, would however show us that starbucks uses the I.T based things to builkd their customer range. It is however no secret that most competitors have based their examples on comoanys in the likes of Starbucks. Some practices in starbucks, include some discount sales issued by the management. A customer however sees this as a grand oppurtuinty to have a 50%(Percent) discount on whatever he buys and also enjoys free internet. This indeed is a wise practice. The Mgt Informaion system has in many ways, made things easy for staffs. Most messages to staffs are communicated via the network. As fore mentioned, starbucks uses intranets and internet(Voip). This helps in forwarding swift messages to workers in the company. This comoany also makes judicious use of their MIS by running web based adverts and all. The firm keeps its customers continuesly aware of products and new recipes that might be tried in a given time. Thus, their market base increases undoubtedly. Marketing Analysis: Retails: Recommendation: In my opinion having pratronised starbucks from time to time, i would suggest the following: Starbucks should try in purchasing a reasonably fast internet with low traffic. They should try to maintain their hardwares and try upgrades from time to time, to avoid being left out in the dark age of slow computing. They should employ staffs that are more I.T learned to avoid diffulty in system operations. They should embrace more of touch screen services. And what i mean is, buying gadgets(hardwares) that provide self service for each customer. The MIS should continually see to it that customers are intrigued by the brilliant I.T based services that Starbucks provide thus leaving the customers spell bound to return and purchase more items . They could also provide on screen advertisements for new generation hardwares this in itself, could be an avenue for starbucks to get paid for advertising for I.T firms in the cities and wherever . They could also make a web based system, that would enable customers to order online to ease driving out of the office at lunch. Conclusion: At this juncture, i would like to reiterate that it is of immense importance that the MIS in starbucks embraces more heightened technology hardwares to ease the work load and the number of staffs. We all in the world are aware of the generation of computers. This promises to be huge and phenomenal turn in every industry especially industries like starbucks. As we see Managements improve their information systems, it would be an important part for starbucks to play in their MIS. With an improved and well balanced MIS, starbucks has what it takes to battle up for the future even competitors. Time is of the essence for firms like starbucks this is because each day slips away and more upgrades are made to databases. To this end, i would beseech starbucks, to keep up the very good work and embrace a new era of improved management systems. Thus increasing their profit base and client base.

FAITH AND REASON DURING THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURY :: Essays Papers

FAITH AND REASON DURING THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURY During the seventeenth and eighteenth century many ideas were placed forth that ended up changing peopleà ­s faith and reason. These new ideas challenged humanà ­s conception of the universe and of oneà ­s place in it. They challenged the view of a person, and they also challenged the belief of the economy. There were many scientists and philosophers during this time period, Francis Bacon, Renà © Descartes, John Locke, Nicolaus Copernicus, Isaac Newton, and Adam Smith to name a few. All of these people contributed to the change in peopleà ­s faith and in their reason. They were given new ideas and a new way to look at life. Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) helped change peoples reason. People believed that most truth had already been discovered. And those who have "applied themselves to the invention of arts have but cast a glance or two upon facts and examples and experienceÃâ€"."1 Bacon believed that these people never really worried about the facts. He believed that these people were afraid that movements and changes in philosophy would end in assaults on religion. They were also afraid that their investigation of truth might be dangerous to them. But he believed "that all knowledge is derived from sense experience, observation, and experimentation"2 and that there was much left to be discovered. Bacon believed that we are servants and interpreters of nature. What we know and what we do is only what we have observed of natureà ­s order in fact or in thought.3 Renà © Descartes helped change the idea of how the person is looked. He also came up with a way of deductive reasoning. He believed that "human beings were endowed by God with the ability to reason and that God served as the guarantor of the correctness of clear ideas."4 Descartes believed in "I think, therefore I am."5 He believed that everybody had the ability to think for themselves. Descartes provided a way of deductive reasoning, a way to arrive at an answer. The first step of this process is not to accept anything to be true unless it was not clearly true. The second step is to divide each of the difficulties into as many parts as possible. The third step is to conduct thoughts in order. And the final step is to make detailed reports to make sure that nothing is omitted.6 This method was influential well into the

Activity-Based Costing

The Activity-Based Costing indicates that all indirect costs shall be apportioned to direct costs for the organization. The ABC takes the indirect expense that relate to each activity for the specified product or service. The use of ABC can be identified where the several costs that cannot be apportioned for the particular cost. The ABC system is high-cost accounting technology which requires the efficient personnel, considerable amount and money. Traditional costing relates to costs of products/services whereas the Activity based costing relates costs and activities and products/services.It means the Activity Based Costing can also be implemented in production section and service sector too. The main base of the ABC is to distribute the indirect costs to the respective departments i. e. production department, service department, miscellaneous services etc. there will be no confusion about direct costs and they can directly be allocated to the respective departments. But some costs c annot be apportioned to the particular head and at that ABC will be identified. La Villa Roma Pizza With respect to La Villa Roma Pizza wants to introduce a small fee for deliveries.The company also wants to determine the cost of delivering pizzas to clients. Cost object In this regard, the company wants to charge a small fee with respect to deliveries. The main base of the company is to deliver the pizzas for particular charge. Again the company wants to impose some small fee which attracts negative approach to the customers. Hence the company has to charge the small fee for those who are out of specified area, specified condition etc. Cost drivers The charge of the particular activity is to be based on the distance and time of delivery.Hence it may vary for every activity. The fixed charge cannot be levied. The ABC provides more accurate cost information with cost driver associates with the activities. Cost of pizza. In addition to normal charge of the pizza, the additional charge may be levied who were supposed to be received beyond the specified area and specified time. REFERENCE: 1. http://greenbusinesscentre. com/Documents/TCM%20bulletin-ABC. pdf 2. www. bauer. uh. edu/mnewman/HS/Chapter04. doc 3. http://www. answers. com/topic/activity-based-costing

Piggys role as a confidant essays

Piggy's role as a confidant essays In every novel, the author selects a certain character to embody the essence of a hero. This character may posses certain admirable qualities such as communication, strength, or the unconquerable will to overcome adversity. William Golding, the author of Lord of the Flies, is no different in choosing Ralph to represent a reliable boy who could save the other children from their undeniable deaths. However compelling the hero may be, he often times encounters turmoil within himself seeking a companion to help him. Piggy, the most rational and intelligent of the boys, is willing to aid Ralph by not only helping him uphold their community, but also by helping him cope with the agonizing levels of hatred and carnage present on the island. Ralphs relatively tall stature and confident character allow the other boys to naturally elect him as their leader. Piggy, on the other hand, lacks the appearance, charisma and confidence that Ralph subliminally displays. His knees were plump...he was shorter than the fair boy...and very fat (7). Ralph proudly accepts the role of the leader, oblivious to the pressures that would later follow. Since Piggy has a low self-esteem, he quickly associates himself with Ralph in order to secure his position as Ralphs companion. This is a decision that Ralph would later come to appreciate. Little did Ralph know that the duties of his position would later lead him to console in Piggy. Piggy willingly listens to Ralph and together they try to protect the island from Jacks menacing ways. Piggy is comfortable with being seen as a right hand man in order to acquire a friend and provide assistance to the survival of the community. In the beginning of the novel, Piggy does not act as Ralphs therapist, but he does provide him with some words of wisdom. Ralph often returns the favor by reprimanding and ridiculing Piggy for hi ...

The Fall Of The House Of Usher Essays - English-language Films

The Fall Of The House Of Usher Essays - English-language Films The Fall Of The House Of Usher Regarded as his most famous piece of fiction, The Fall of the House of Usher inspires the usual horror found in most works by Poe. Every aspect expected from a Poe piece is found within this story. There is the first person narrative, the division of personality, and Gothic style; which all characterize classic Poe. Although some critics feel that the tale is difficult to read and an overdone and vulgar fantasy; most recognize it as the masterpiece it is. From the gloomy beginning to the shocking conclusion, The Fall of the House of Usher implements every attribute needed to create a model narration. As in most Poe stories, the unnamed narrator experiences a horrific sight. This harrowing incident is the realization by himself and Roderick Usher that they have in fact buried Madeline Usher alive. The thought of this atrocity causes the narrator to flee from the house indefinitely. He does not know at the time that the house will subsequently cave in after his departure. Almost every tale written by Poe is written in this fashion. Although most stories employ no real plot or characterization, the final terrible experience is typical. This is due to occurrences in Poes own life involving the illness of his child-bride Virginia. Her untimely death stirred an interest in the supernatural that pervaded his writing from that point on. Therefore, all first person narrators in Poes work encounter death in some mysterious and grave manner that helps Poe to cope with his personal issues. There is a division of personality found in The Fall of the House of Usher, which also presents itself in William Wilson. In the tale being discussed, Roderick and Madeline Usher are twins whose health is slowly diminishing. While Madeline seems to have accepted her fate, it looks as if Roderick does not quite understand his recent transformation. It is almost as if all the worry and frustration felt by both is channeled through Roderick. While he is slowly losing his mind, Madeline becomes increasingly sedate. The narrator mentions that the master of the house has indeed changed a great deal. Apparently, some curse has overcome him and his sister causing their recent decline in spirits, sanity, and health. Throughout the story, both are equally affected by the others actions. This element is found in many Poe tales, although usually it involves a dual nature within a single character. Numerous critics castigate Poes writing for its highly Gothic style. It is too serious and conveys a certain difficulty in reading. They claim that this particular style hinders the reader from being able to handle more than one story at a time. Nevertheless, Poes writing does reflect upon his own personality. Edgar Allen Poe was a staid and somber man, and these traits shine through his writing. Also, it seems that perhaps he did not intend for more than one story to be dealt with at a time. Poe wrote in a highly stylized way in order to contribute to the overall mood of the piece of fiction. Without that edge, his work would lose much of its eeriness. The Fall of the House of Usher certainly incorporates such language as evidenced by phrases such as singularly dreary tract and whither shall I fly. The elevated language and carefully chosen adjectives weigh on the reader throughout the story. Finally, while some critics may lambaste the work of Poe as fanciful ramblings, it stands to reason that perhaps they are mistaken. Carefully thought out narration, sensible characterization, and appropriate diction pervade not only The Fall of the House of Usher, but every subsequent Poe work also. While the discussed piece is the best example of his genius many other manuscripts fall into these same patterns. Nonetheless, The Fall of the House of Usher is a classic work that holds its own among the most recognized and celebrated short stories ever read

Camera Obscura Edinburgh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Attacks in Computer Systems versus Web-based Systems Case Study

Attacks in Computer Systems versus Web-based Systems - Case Study Example The similarities are also influenced by the homogenous nature of the technologies used in both types of systems. A web-based system is, essentially, a computer system that supports activities on the internet. This makes web presence the only contrast between the two systems and creates the uniformity in the types of attacks employed. The growth in web-based cybercrime has been enabled by various factors, which have had different magnifying effects on the observed increase in this type of criminal activity. The first factor is the increasing availability of internet connectivity in many areas of the world. Although it may appear trivial at first glance, greater access to the internet has inspired many hackers to engage in cybercrime; to the extent that they can find whichever resources they want (Provos, Rajab, & Mavrommatis, 2009:42). Using the internet, potential hackers can easily access information that instructs them on how to commit cybercrime. For example, currently, anybody with an internet connection can view links containing â€Å"tutorials† on how to engage in cybercrime. It is safe to say that this information is more easily accessible to people with internet connections than those without. The second factor is an increase in online transactions that have created opportunities for people to engage in criminal activities like stealing of online financial information. The internet has brought with it an explosion in e-commerce, and since e-commerce relies on web presence, cybercrime has grown alongside it. It is a case of people taking advantage of the weaknesses involved in online transactions like the provision of credit card information and identification data (Provos, Rajab, & Mavrommatis, 2009:44). However, this could also be said to be a direct result of technological development. As technology becomes more advanced, its flaws become more pronounced.  

Current concern Essay Example for Free

Current concern Essay Current concern with interdependence is particularly indebted to the earlier attempt of integration theorists to explain political unification among states. Certainly, integration theory has played an important role in the development of liberal international theory in the main, and traces of it echo evidently in neoliberalism and its cognate approaches. As Donald Puchala puts it: â€Å"integration studies were precursors to transnational and transgovernmental relations, to interdependence studies, and to the revitalization of the study of international organization presently so apparent† (Puchala 1981, 150). Once more, however, neoliberalism is a corruption of the functionalist, neofunctionalist and world federalist streams that together constitute integration theory. Neoliberalism holds the integrative convictions and logic of the latter approach however before the recent speeding up of integrative forces in Europe at least, has stressed less theatrical and politically ambitious forms of interstate cooperation. Although neoliberalism, as the term proposes, has become the chief, self-declared authority on interdependence and further matters liberal in contemporary IR theory, in spite of resting on the tenuous conviction that the idealist convictions of both the classical economists as well as the integrationists-that conflicts of interest between states are likely to be reduced by greater levels of interaction-can be gainfully combined with essentially Realist constructs. The feasibility of this project requires to be explored.

Development of Play in a Museum

Development of Play in a Museum Introduction The concept of play has been regarded as a critical part of early cognitive development of a child, and there are countless studies showing the process by which play fosters learning both in formal and informal educational settings [1]. Museums are often seen as an informal learning environment, where visitors gain knowledge through engaging with the artefacts presented to them [2]. The museum has under-explored potential to be an educational playground [3] [4] that enhance and support the engagement of visitors with the museum exhibits. The research identifies with the museum as a place to learn, that is a playground, where the visitor is presented with options that support open-ended exploration and learning through play. The aim of the work is to research and define playful practices that enhance the effective design and development of playful environments within the context of the evolving museum and with the support of embedded or invisible technologies; moving the visitor from a traditional role of consuming content in a curated space to an active participant. The interest is in encouraging playful practices and cultivating engagement with the museum and its artefacts. Existing technological frameworks, and emerging technologies, including tactile, location, sensor-based, and networked technologies, such as those technologies underpinning the Internet of Things’ will be brought to bear on the visitors’ experience. The research uses creative design methods to hypothesize about and evaluate visitor engagement while simultaneously exploring the opportunities and boundaries of existing technological frameworks in novel interaction scenarios and defining design frameworks for future development. Work to Date The research has adopted a grounded approach and iterative design methods. It has been situated at Cork City Gaol Museum (CCGM), a heritage centre in Cork City that has been a test base for observations and small scale interventions thus far. The research has progressed from a literature review; which gathered research from several fields including interaction design, embodied interaction design, museum studies and play research. This led to the development of initial design guidelines. These guidelines were a reference point for initial brainstorming solutions, early prototypes and focus groups. Observations were carried out in the museum space to identify typical visitor patterns and behaviour. Insights from these observations were used to identify potential visitor patterns and develop a series of prototypes, built using off-the-shelf technologies, such as Arduino and open-source coding platforms including, the Arduino IDE and Processing. These prototypes were tested in a controlled environment initially and then also presented as interventions in the museum space. Feedback from initial testing and observations was used to refine the prototypes, the design guidelines and the proposed scenarios. A comprehensive research review document is available for further reading. Future Objectives Research Questions The research is concerned with the experience of the individuals engaging with the museum and its exhibits. It aims to use available embedded, emerging technologies, to probe the visitor experience and to creatively apply these technologies to design an engaging, social experience. To this end the research project asks the following question: How can the digital enhancement of a conventional museum space foster playfulness, co-creation between visitors and open-ended exploration and learning? To further explore this question, the research aims to investigate the following questions: How can playful practices enhance emerging exhibition design and digital enhancement of the exhibition space? What are the principle characteristics of playful practices? How can an embedded technology framework support the implementation of playful practices and what opportunities and limitations do these technologies have in supporting social interaction in complex public environments such as the museum? What design implications do the identified opportunities and limitations have for future design and development? Research Objectives The primary objective is to examine the adoption of playful practices in museum exhibit design and to investigate how ubiquitous embedded technologies, either bespoke or off-the-shelf solutions can enhance or limit playful practices, and social and collaborative experiences. The research will delineate a framework for the application of invisible embedded technologies which underlines the Internet of Things, and playful practices which augment the social and collaboratve museum experience. The research is influenced by the ideas of Hiroshi [4] and his investigations at the MIT Media lab in moving the interface â€Å"off-the-screen† and the intersection of the fields of science, art and experience design. (The explorations of Chris Speed [5] in network technology and the Internet of Things, the intersection of Art and Science and social experience are of particular interest also.) The research aims to: Identify how best to integrate playful practices within a museum that supports the existing objectives/goals of the environments while engaging visitors in a creative and collaborative way. Develop a comprehensive lexicon of terms to describe playful practices. Develop a framework for implementing technological interventions in the museum that enhance the visitor experience through encouraging sociability, collaboration and other playful practices. Evaluate existing technological frameworks in terms of supporting playful practices and social interaction within the museum. Implement a series of technological interventions across several distinct public spaces. Develop comprehensive guidelines for implementing playful practices and designing playful environments within the context of a museum Demonstrate the opportunities and limitations of existing technological frameworks, and off-the-shelf tactile, location, or sensor-based technologies when applied to open public environments such as the museum space and develop a design framework for future development. Methodological Approach To answer the research questions, this study will combine a mix of methods [7], theoretical investigation with design practice, including but not limited to design thinking and iterative design methods. The research will examine the characteristics and connections between the following elements; the visitor, the museum space, playful practices and digital technologies and frameworks. Existing methods of visitor engagement will be reviewed and existing digital frameworks will be analysed. A new framework for implementing playful practices and digital enhancements will be created that emphasises social engagement and collaboration between visitors. This model will then serve as a theoretical framework for further investigation. In-gallery observations of visitors will be used as a key method to gather comparable data before and after any design interventions. Cork City Gaol Museum has been chosen as a test environment, it is envisioned that two other open and public text environments w ill be identified and investigated also. References [1] Ginsburg, K. The Importance of Play in Promoting Healthy Child Development and Maintaining Strong Parent-Child Bonds The American Academy of Paediatrics, 2007 [2] Falk, J. The director’s cut: Toward an improved understanding of learning from museums. Science Education v88 nS1 pS83-96, 2004 [3]Frà ³es, I., Walker, K (2012)The Art of Play: Exploring the Roles of Technology and Social Play in Museums, Museums at Play, MIT Press, p486-498 [4]Semper, R. J. (1990). Science museums as environments for learning. Physics Today, 43(11), 50-56. [5] [6]http://www.chrisspeed.net/, http://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/chris-speed (Creswell Plano Clark 2011, pp.71-72)

Catherine II :: essays research papers

"Women fell under her spell as well as men, for underlying her engaging femininity was a masculine strength which gave her the courage to present a bland and smiling mask in the face of the greatest tribulations." Sophia Augusta Frederica was born into a small Prussian kingdom in 1729. Her hometown was in Stettin, Germany. Her birth was a great disappointment to her parents, her father, Prince Christian August of Anhalt- Zerbst and her mother, Johanna Elizabeth, daughter of the prince of Holstein – Gottorp. Both parents had hoped for a son. After they did finally have a son, she was neglected even more. Although, when her parents discovered that she had a good memory, they encouraged her to study religion, history and geography. Besides learning, Sophia also became more interested in hunting and riding horses rather than what were considered more feminine past times and was somewhat of a tomboy. Throughout her life, her mother only spoke to her to criticize her. Her father cared very much for her, but was too engrossed with his military work to show her much affection. She spent much time with her governess who taught her to question everything and everybody and to trust her own common sense. Her guidance from her governess and her ability to be independent at a young age helped her to later become a strong leader. At a very young age, she wished to marry her second cousin, Peter Ulrich, who later changed his name to Peter Fyodorvich. Elizabeth I of Russia chose her to marry her son, Peter Fyodorvich. Catherine prepared for the role of czarina by studying the Russian language intently. Love played no role in her thoughts to marry Peter; Catherine was only interested in the throne. As a strict Lutheran, Catherine’s father was very unhappy about Catherine marrying a Russian Orthodox. Her father wrote her letters begging her not to abandon Lutheranism. Catherine was determined to gain the respect of the Russian orthodox, so when she became deathly ill, she called for a Russian orthodox priest instead of a Lutheran. She won the trust and sympathy of Russia. On June 28, 1744, Catherine was baptized into the Russian orthodox faith. The next day she and peter Fyodovich had an elaborate betrothal at the Cathedral of St. Sophia. She married Peter in August of1745, and their marriage was a disaster from the beginning. Peter was very immature and spent most of his time playing with toy soldiers. 2/1/952 "The marriage was a complete failure. The following eighteen years were filled with deception and humiliation for her." Peter hurt Catherine deeply when he told her of women in the court that he loved

Osmosis and Diffusion Essay

The basic principles of Osmosis and Diffusion were tested and examined in this lab. We examined the percent increase of mass and molarity of different concentrations of sucrose in the dialysis bag emerged in distilled water and the potato cores emerged in concentrations of sucrose. The data reinforces the principles of Osmosis and Diffusion, and in a biological context, we can simulate how water and particles move in and out of our own cells. Introduction Objective: 1. Investigate the process of osmosis and diffusion in a model of a membrane system. 2. Investigate the effect of solute concentration on water potential as it relates to living plant tissue. Background Information: Molecules are in constant motion; they tend to move from areas of high concentration, to areas of low concentration. This broad principle is divided into two categories: diffusion and osmosis. Diffusion is the random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This is considered a passive form of transportation because it does not require any additional energy to transport the molecules. In the body, carbon dioxide and oxygen can diffuse across cell membranes. Osmosis is a special type of diffusion where water moves through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential. In our body, water diffuses across cell membranes through osmosis. Water potential is the measure of free energy of water in a solution and is shown with the use of the symbol ÃŽ ¨. Water potential is affected by two factors: osmotic potential (ÃŽ ¨Ãâ‚¬) and pressure potential (ÃŽ ¨p). Osmotic potential is dependent on the solute concentration, and pressure potential which is the energy that forms from exertion of pressure either positive or negative on a solution. The equation to find the sum of water potential is: Water Potential = Pressure Potential + Osmotic Potential ÃŽ ¨w = ÃŽ ¨p + ÃŽ ¨Ãâ‚¬ The purpose of this lab is to observe the physical effects of osmosis and diffusion and to determine if it actually takes place. We hypothesize that, because molecules diffuse down a concentration gradient, the mass of the dialysis tubes will increase, and we believe that as the molarity increases, the percent of change in mass will also increase. Hypothesis: Diffusion and osmosis will occur until dynamic equilibrium is reached. As the sucrose concentration of the solution increases so will the mass. Materials Exercise 1: 1. 6 strips of dialysis tubing 2. Distilled water 15-20ml 3. 0.4 M sucrose 15-20ml 4. 0.8 M sucrose 15-20ml 5. 0.2 M sucrose 15-20ml 6. 0.6 M sucrose 15-20ml 7. 1.0 M sucrose 15-20ml 8. 6 Beakers Exercise 2: 1. 100ml of distilled water 2. 100ml of 0.4 M sucrose 3. 100ml of 0.8 M sucrose 4. 100ml of 0.2 M sucrose 5. 100ml of 0.6 M sucrose 6. 100ml of 1.0 M sucrose 7. 6 Beakers 8. Potato slices (4 for each solution) 9. Scale 10. Plastic wrap 11. Thermometer Methods Exercise 1: 1. Obtain 6 strips of dialysis tubing and tie a knot in one end of each. 2. Pour approximately 15-20ml of each of the following solutions into separate bags. 3. Remove most of the air from the bag and tie the baggie. 4. Rinse the baggie carefully in distilled water to remove any sucrose that may have spilled and carefully blot. 5. Record the mass of each baggie and record. 6. Fill six 250ml beakers 2/3 full with distilled water and place a bag in each of them. Make sure that you record which baggie is which. 7. Let the bag sit for 20-30 minutes. 8. After 20-30 minutes, remove baggies from the water, and carefully blot dry. 9. Measure the mass of each baggie and record. Exercise 2: 1. Pour 100ml of your assigned solution into a beaker. Slice a potato into 4 equal lengths about the shape of French fries or tubes. 2. Determine the mass of the 4 potato cylinders together and record. 3. Place the cylinders into the beaker with your assigned solutions and cover with plastic wrap. Leave overnight. 4. Remove the cylinders from the beakers and carefully dry them. Record the room temperature in Celsius. 5. Determine the mass of the 4 potato cylinders together and record. From these results, it can be concluded that the hypothesis is justified and correct. The data shows that the mass increased as the concentration of the sucrose solution increased. Osmosis is clearly being replicated in the physical form. Analysis Change in mass depends on the concentration of sucrose within the dialysis bags. If the concentration of sucrose is greater inside the bag than outside, then water will move into the bag. If the concentration of sucrose is lower inside the bag than outside, then water will move out of the bag. These two things are directly proportional. As the mass increases, so does the molarity. These are inversely proportional because whenever the sucrose molarity inside the bag is more concentrated, it will become more dilute and vise versa. The solutions will reach equilibrium somewhere between the two concentrations. The hypothesis is accepted based on the data that was obtained because as the sucrose concentration increased so did the final mass of the solutions. One possible source of error could be the tightness of the string that tied off the dialysis tubing. If there was a leak or a break in the dialysis tubing, all of the data would be off. Another possible source of error could be that the students did not pat dry the potato sample well enough causing drops to be left on the electronic balance, tarring it incorrectly, causing all other data to be off slightly. Simple mathematical errors always occur, so there is always room for simple algebraic mistakes in this section of the lab. Conclusion The purpose of this lab was to describe the physical mechanism of osmosis and diffusion and describe how molar concentration affects diffusion. We have  now observed how solutions diffuse in different situations, always from a high concentration to a low concentration, and how molar concentration affect diffusion, as the molarity goes up, more solution is diffused. We hypothesized that because molecules diffuse down a concentration gradient, the mass of the dialysis tubes will increase, and also that as the molarity increases, the percent of change in mass will also increase. Our data did support our conclusion. Exercise 1 proved that water moves across the selectively permeable membrane of the dialysis tubing much easier than sucrose sugar does. The water moved to reach equilibrium between the solutions. Sucrose must be too large a molecule to pass through the membrane quickly. Exercise 2 showed that the potato samples took in water when immersed in a distilled water solution. Potatoes must contain sucrose molecules due to the conclusion of this lab because the potatoes take in water in the distilled water beaker. Potatoes had a lower water potential and higher solute potential than the distilled water. It is just the opposite inside the beaker. Works Cited â€Å"PHSchool – The Biology Place.† Prentice Hall Bridge Page. Pearson Education, June 2007. Web. 12 Sept.2011. Moulton, Glen E. â€Å"Cell Theory, Form, and Function: Fluid Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure and Function — Infoplease.com.† Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free Online Reference, Research & Homework Help. — Infoplease.com. Web. 14 Sept. 2011. < http://www.infoplease.com/cig/biology/fluid-mosaic Bowen, R. (2000, July 2). Osmosis. Retrieved February 14, 2009, from http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/osmosis.html Sheppard, T. (2004). Diffusion and Osmosis. Retrieved February 14, 2009, from http://www.blobs.org/science/article.php?article=20 Campbell, N. A., & Reece, J. B. (2005). Biology (7th ed.). New York: Pearson Education Inc.

Essay on Black No More

Essay on Black No More Essay on Black No More Essay on Black No More‘Black No More’ is considered to be a 1931 satirical novel by George Schuyler that greatly focuses on the United States’ race issue by pointing out what would happen if Max Disher, a black man, could undergo a procedure to be turned white.Max Disher as one of the main characters of the story adheres to the belief that race should be understood as a critically distinguishing feature. Indeed, this fact becomes apparent when during the scene in which some persons decide to join a white club Max states as follows: ‘What luck! Here was the very chance he’d been waiting for. These people might invite them over to their table’ (Schuyler, 6). This evidence proves the fact that Max has a strong desire to join a group of white club goers in order to be in their presence. Hence, this short passage fully examines the literary significance of a specific character – Max, who wishes to become white in order not to experience discr imination, but on the contrary, to be equal and earn the respect of ‘white’ society.Furthermore, Max fully expresses his desire to become white because he thinks this action will be an end to all his problems. He admits that ‘as a white man he could go anywhere, be anything he wanted to be, do most anything he wanted to do, be a free man at last’(Schuyler, 10). Despite this fact, Max’s real desire is not whiteness itself, but various privileges that can fully change his life. In fact, by undergoing treatment and becoming white, he finds acceptance from those who previously did not want to accept him (Helen Givens, white club goers).In conclusion, the author greatly focuses on different social inequalities the main hero previously faced, and then points to the fact how his life changed after his transformation from black to white.